COP30 Concludes with “Global Mutirão” as Countries Push Forward on Climate Action
COP30 delivered several landmark decisions that strengthen the world’s climate action pathway
The UN Climate Change Conference (COP30) concluded in the Amazonian city of Belém with the Brazilian Presidency unveiling a comprehensive package of outcomes termed the “global mutirão”—a Portuguese expression meaning collective effort. Despite geopolitical hurdles and global economic uncertainties, COP30 delivered several landmark decisions that strengthen the world’s climate action pathway.
Key Outcomes of COP30
● Broad Global Participation and New NDCs
A total of 194 countries took part in the negotiations. Over the past year, 118 countries submitted updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), strengthening the global response to the climate crisis.
● Launch of the Global Implementation Accelerator
Countries agreed to operationalise the Global Implementation Accelerator, a two-year collaborative mechanism led jointly by the COP30 and COP31 Presidencies. Its aim is to bridge the gap between current NDCs and the mitigation levels needed to keep 1.5°C within reach, building on COP28 commitments to transition away from fossil fuels.
● Just Transition Mechanism
A major breakthrough came with the decision to create a Just Transition Mechanism to boost international cooperation, technical support, capacity building, and knowledge-sharing to achieve equitable and inclusive transitions.
● Dual Roadmaps for Deforestation and Fossil Transition
COP30 President Ambassador André Corrêa do Lago announced two significant roadmaps:
- Halting and reversing deforestation
- Transitioning away from fossil fuels in a just, orderly and equitable manner
- The call gained momentum with support from 80+ countries for the fossil transition roadmap and 90+ countries for the deforestation roadmap.
Climate Finance Commitments
● Tripling of Adaptation Finance
High-income countries committed to tripling adaptation finance as part of the $300 billion New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) by 2035, dedicating roughly $120 billion to climate adaptation in the most vulnerable nations.
● Two-Year Finance Delivery Work Programme
Parties endorsed a structured work programme to guide delivery of the $300 billion climate finance goal, including a high-level ministerial dialogue on the quality and quantity of climate finance.
● Major Pledges at COP30
- $135 million committed to the Adaptation Fund
- $300 million pledged to the Belém Health Action Plan to strengthen climate-resilient health systems
- $6.5 billion for the Tropical Forests Forever Facility supporting conservation efforts and Indigenous rights
- Thirteen new national platforms and one regional platform launched to enhance domestic climate financing
- The Baku-to-Belém Roadmap laid out a pathway to mobilize at least $1.3 trillion per year in climate finance by 2035
- Outside COP30, progress is accelerating through MDB reforms, debt swaps, and new financial instruments, signaling systemic shifts in global climate financing.
Sectoral Commitments and Energy Transition
- South Korea announced an early coal phase-out and joined the Powering Past Coal Alliance (PPCA).
- Over 80 countries endorsed a fossil fuel transition roadmap, with 24 nations signing the Colombia-led Belém Declaration.
- More than $1 trillion was committed by 2030 to expand power grids, energy storage, and clean energy systems.
- $590 million was mobilized for methane-reduction programmes.
- Governments and industry partners reported $140 billion worth of clean industrial projects under development, with one-third located in emerging economies.
A Turning Point in Global Climate Politics
2025 marked the second consecutive year of the United States’ withdrawal from the Paris Agreement. Yet, 194 nations convened and demonstrated that global climate leadership continues to advance—anchored in the understanding that climate action is economic protection.
COP30 showcased a renewed multilateralism that mirrors today’s multipolar geopolitical landscape.
The Road Ahead: COP31 in Türkiye, COP32 in Ethiopia
- Türkiye will host COP31 in Antalya in 2026.
- Ethiopia has been selected to host COP32, surpassing Nigeria’s bid.
Belém also delivered the “COP of Truth”, with nations acknowledging the urgent need for stronger information integrity to ensure transparent and effective climate action as part of the Mutirão outcome.
The writer of this article is Dr. Seema Javed, an environmentalist & a communications professional in the field of climate and energy
