CPSUs Earn ₹3.08 Lakh Crore Profit in FY25; Losses Decline to ₹18,055 Crore: Government
226 profit-making operating CPSUs recorded significant earnings, while 63 CPSUs reported losses during the year
Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSUs) posted a combined net profit of ₹3,08,674 crore in FY 2024-25, according to the latest Public Enterprises Survey (PE Survey) 2024-25 released by the Department of Public Enterprises (DPE), Ministry of Finance.
The survey, based on data submitted by CPSUs, shows that 226 profit-making operating CPSUs recorded significant earnings, while 63 CPSUs reported losses during the year.
The information was shared in the Lok Sabha by Minister of State for Heavy Industries, Bhupathiraju Srinivasa Varma in a written reply to an unstarred question on March 10, 2026.
Profit Trends Across Years
According to the survey:
| Financial Year | Total Net Profit (₹ in lakh) | Approx Value |
|---|---|---|
| 2024-25 | 30,867,416 | ₹3.08 lakh crore |
| 2023-24 | 34,280,213 | ₹3.43 lakh crore |
| 2022-23 | 23,606,254 | ₹2.36 lakh crore |
While profits in FY25 remained strong, they were slightly lower than FY24 due to fluctuations in sectors such as petroleum refining and crude oil.
Top Performing Sectors
The largest contributors to CPSU profits in FY25 were:
- Coal sector: ₹5.07 lakh crore
- Financial services: ₹4.90 lakh crore
- Crude oil sector: ₹4.35 lakh crore
- Power generation: ₹3.62 lakh crore
- Petroleum refining and marketing: ₹3.54 lakh crore
Major profit-earning CPSUs included:
- Coal India Limited
- Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited
- Power Finance Corporation Limited
- REC Limited
- NTPC Limited
- Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
- Power Grid Corporation of India Limited
Losses Decline in FY25
The survey shows total losses of ₹18,055 crore for 63 loss-making CPSUs in FY25, improving from ₹20,254 crore in FY24.
Key loss-making entities included:
- Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
- Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited
- NMDC Steel Limited
The telecom sector accounted for the largest share of losses, primarily due to continued financial stress at BSNL and MTNL.
Sectoral Insights
- The coal sector remained the most profitable with earnings exceeding ₹5 lakh crore, driven by strong performance of Coal India subsidiaries.
- Financial sector CPSUs, including PFC, REC, and IRFC, continued to deliver robust profitability amid infrastructure financing growth.
- Defence production PSUs also showed significant profitability, led by HAL, BEL, and Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders.
Government Approach
The government stated that enterprise-specific measures such as restructuring or revival are undertaken by the respective CPSU boards and administrative ministries based on existing policies and guidelines.
CPSUs operate under the administrative control of their respective ministries, which monitor performance and take corrective measures where required.
